黄河流域气候与农业种植面积变化对径流的影响     

李华贞  张强  顾西辉  史培军 《湖泊科学》2018,30(4):1138-1151

根据黄河流域1960—2005年5个水文站逐日流量、77个气象站1959—2013年逐日降水数据,结合流域内主要农作物种植面积及大型水库资料,全面探讨气候与农业面积变化及人类活动对黄河流域径流变化的影响.研究表明:黄河流域所有流量分位数总体呈下降趋势,并于1980s中后期到1990s中期发生突变.降水变化是黄河流域径流变化的主要影响因素.在考虑不同流量分位数情况下,农作物种植面积变化对不同分位数径流变化的影响也有差异性.花园口站农作物种植面积变化对径流量量级和可变性均有显著影响;其余4站各项气候变化与农作物种植指标参数较大,虽均未达到10%的显著性水平,但仍会对径流的量级变化产生影响.对唐乃亥站,农作物耕作面积的下降减少了灌溉用水,在0.5流量分位数时有高达60%增加径流量的间接作用.对于头道拐站,农作物耕作面积的增加使得流域总蒸发量增加,灌溉用水增加,在0.3流量分位数时有高达40%减少径流量的间接作用.该研究为气候变化与人类活动影响下黄河流域水资源优化配置提供重要理论依据.  相似文献   

Using archaeological data and sediment parameters to review the formation of the Gravettian layers at Krems-Wachtberg     

Marc Händel  Roswitha Thomas  Tobias Sprafke  Philipp Schulte  Michael Brandl  Ulrich Simon  Thomas Einwögerer 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(8):1397-1413

  相似文献   

Late glacial and holocene landscapes of central Beringia     

Anatoly V. Lozhkin  Patricia Anderson  Wendy R. Eisner  Tatiana B. Solomatkina 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(3):383-392

New palynological and sedimentological data from St. Lawrence Island present a rare view into late-glacial and Holocene environments of the central Bering Land Bridge. The late glaciation was a time of dynamic landscape changes in south-central Beringia, with active thermokarst processes, including the formation and drainage of thaw lakes. The presence of such a wet, unstable substrate, if widespread, probably would have had an adverse impact on food sources and mobility for many of the large mammal populations. The establishment of Betula shrub tundra on the island suggests late-glacial summers that were warmer than present, consistent with regional paleoclimatic interpretations. However, the increasing proximity to the Bering Sea, as postglacial sea levels rose, modified the intensity of warming and prevented the establishment of deciduous forest as found in other areas of Beringia at this time. The mid- to late Holocene is marked by more stable land surfaces and development of Sphagnum and Cyperaceae peat deposits. The accumulation of organic deposits, decline of shrub Betula, and decrease in thermokarst disturbance suggest that conditions were cooler than the previous. A recent decline in peat accumulation at the study sites may relate to local geomorphology, but similar decreases have been noted for other arctic regions.  相似文献   

高分辨湖泊沉积和孢粉记录对气候、水文变化的响应   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

于革 《沉积学报》2011,29(1):118-124

通过对长江中游网湖钻孔高精度分层样品(1.5年/样品)的沉积学和孢粉学研究,试图揭示过去百年网湖在由开放到封闭体系变化中,沉积孢粉与气候、水文动力变化的过程及其相互关系.相关分析和低频滤波分析,反映出沉积物和孢粉的变化对流域降水和长江流量的敏感响应.在过去130年中的多雨洪水年份,湖泊受长江倒灌影响,沉积物以黏土细颗粒...  相似文献   

中蒙边境查夫—甲乌拉地区中生代银多金属矿床成矿作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

聂凤军  刘勇  刘翼飞  江思宏  张可  刘妍 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(6):1715-1725

对中蒙边境东段查夫、甲乌拉和查干布拉根银-铅-锌矿床以及额仁陶勒盖银矿床的产出环境、地质特征和时空分布规律进行了讨论,初步确定了银多金属矿床的成因类型和形成机理。研究结果表明,银多金属矿化大多数在侏罗系火山-沉积岩地层中呈脉状和条带状产出,并且与燕山晚期高钾钙-碱性侵入岩脉群和张裂构造具有密切的时空分布关系。华北—蒙古块体与西伯利亚板块对接碰撞期后大规模伸展构造作用所诱发的岩浆及相关流体活动是导致银多金属矿床形成的主导控制因素。尽管上述4处矿床在容矿围岩、几何形态和矿物组分上存在一定差异,但是其产出环境和形成机理大体相似,均属中硫化型浅成热液银多金属矿床。充填有高钾钙-碱性侵入岩脉的北西向和近南北向张裂构造带是寻找银多金属矿床(点)的有利场所。  相似文献   

海洋沉积地质过程模拟:性质与问题及前景   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高抒 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2011,(5):1-7

探讨了海洋沉积地质数值模拟的功能问题.地球科学研究以正演方法(以数值模拟为代表)和反演方法(以地层记录分析为代表)的结合为特征.数值模拟作为一种重要的研究工具,具有获得过程和机理分析结果、形成工作假说、指导现场观测和采样的作用.与此同时,在正反演交融中模型本身也得到了提高和完善.在海洋沉积地质领域,数值模拟在沉积物输运...  相似文献   

东昆仑夏日哈木镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体岩石成因与拉张型岛弧背景   总被引：13，自引：7，他引：6  

姜常义  凌锦兰  周伟  杜玮  王子玺  范亚洲  宋艳芳  宋忠宝 《岩石学报》2015,31(4):1117-1136

赋存超大型镍矿床的夏日哈木Ⅰ号岩体位于东昆仑造山带西段之东昆中早古生代岛弧带。锆石U-Pb年龄为439Ma,由分属橄榄岩相、辉石岩相、辉长-苏长岩相的多种岩石类型组成。堆晶结构与堆晶层理发育,属岩床状层状岩体。不平衡结晶作用在岩浆演化过程中居于主导地位。矿物结晶顺序为尖晶石/橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→单斜辉石+斜长石→褐色普通角闪石。各种岩石均富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P,显示了岛弧环境岩浆岩的地球化学特征。Nd、Sr同位素组成均属富集型地幔范畴和EMⅡ型趋势。矿区内的Ⅲ号与Ⅳ号岩体属蛇绿岩套,证明在昆中岛弧带内部存在岩石圈破裂带。区域构造格局与演化历史以及区域地球物理场的研究表明,东昆中岛弧带属拉张型岛弧带。据此,可以认定拉张型岛弧环境是全球范围内第五种有利于形成镍矿床的构造环境,中古生代是我国第三个镍矿主成矿期。  相似文献   

(Re-)sources of innovation: Understanding and comparing time-spatial innovation dynamics through the lens of communities of practice     

《Geoforum》2015

Communities of practice play an important role in innovation processes. It is, however, still unclear what their particular function is. In this article the authors seek first to develop further systematic differentiations between different types of knowing in practice to provide the conceptual ground for studying the influences of knowing in practice on innovation in a comparative way. Therefore, existing inductive approaches are complemented with deductive elements that highlight different impulses of reflexivity (push vs. pull) and different internal logics of reflexivity (rationalist vs. aesthetic). Second, in this article the authors introduce a dynamic approach which focuses on core ideas of innovation processes from a spatial perspective. In such a dynamic view types of knowing in practice have an impact as sources and resources of innovation. As sources of innovation they form a particular locus in which novel ideas emerge and subsequently take particular trajectories. As resources of innovation they intervene at subsequent stages of the process and propel further the translation process of a novel idea becoming eventually a valuable and practicable solution.  相似文献   

Impact of the Vertical Velocity Field on Charging Processes and Charge Separation in a Simulated Thunderstorm          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Fei  ZHANG Yijun  ZHENG Dong  XU Liangtao 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(2):328-343

A three-dimensional(3D) charging-discharging cloud resolution model was used to investigate the impact of the vertical velocity field on the charging processes and the formation of charge structure in a strong thunderstorm. The distribution and evolution of ice particle content and charges on ice particles were analyzed in different vertical velocity fields. The results show that the ice particles in the vertical velocity range from 1 to 5 m s-1obtained the most charge through charging processes during the lifetime of the thunderstorm. The magnitude of the charges could reach 1014 n C. Before the beginning of lightning activity,the charges produced in updraft region 2(updraft speed 13 m s-1) and updraft region 1(updraft speed between 5 and 13 m s-1) were relatively significant. The magnitudes of charge reached 1013 n C, which clearly impacted upon the early lightning activity. The vertical velocity conditions in the quasi-steady region(updraft speed between –1 and 1 m s-1) were the most conducive for charge separation on ice particles on different scales. Accordingly, a net charge structure always appeared in the quasi-steady and adjacent regions. Based on the results, a conceptual model of ice particle charging, charge separation, and charge structure formation in the flow field was constructed. The model helps to explain observations of the"lightning hole" phenomenon.  相似文献   

Impacts of Two Ice Parameterization Schemes on the Cloud Microphysical Processes and Precipitation of a Severe Storm in Northern China          下载免费PDF全文

YANG Hui-Ling  XIAO Hui  GUO Chun-Wei 《大气和海洋科学快报》2015,8(5)

A severe storm that occurred over Beijing in northern China on 23 June 2011 was simulated with two different ice crystal parameterization schemes(the DeMott scheme and Meyers scheme) by using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. Compared with the DeMott scheme, the simulation results with the Meyers scheme have the following characteristics:(1) Updrafts are stronger and more numerous;(2) The cloud is better organized and contains a greater peak of ice-phase hydrometeor mixing ratios;(3) Cloud water and hail mixing ratios increase while graupel mixing ratios decrease;(4) The surface precipitation is initially greater. However, at the end of the simulation, less precipitation is produced. In short, the differences between the two schemes are not obvious, but the De Mott scheme has a relatively more reasonable result.  相似文献